Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University

REMARKS ON THE EVALUATION OF THE CORRECT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ISM CODE IN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING

Jerzy Herdzik — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the proper implementation of the ISM Code by shipowners, its subsequent implementation, and the achievement of effective performance in order to obtain a Safety Management Certificate, and its subsequent validation and renewal.
As required by IMO regulations, this code is intended to create conditions for safe ship operation, cooperation with shipping-related institutions, and the mitigation of the risks and consequences of environmental pollution. Primarily, this problem concerns shipowners and superintendents who wish to cut shipping costs by significantly reducing the conditions for safe ship operation. The article highlights the interdependencies between the stakeholders and a number of existing or potential problems.

NAVIGATING TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY: A REVIEW OF GREEN SHIPPING PRACTICES

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The maritime industry is undergoing a profound shift towards environmental sustainability through the adoption of green shipping. This paper examines the pivotal role of marine engineering in advancing sustainable practices and enhancing pollution control within the sector. It highlights the role of advanced propulsion systems, including methanol engines, ammonia-based propulsion, and hydrogen fuel cell alongside digital monitoring technologies that help optimize energy use and emissions control. The paper also assesses the economic feasibility of transitioning to sustainable shipping practices. Additionally, it emphasizes the crucial involvement of port authorities, who contribute through targeted incentives and green infrastructure programs. Regulatory frameworks, international maritime regulations and industry collaboration for sustainable shipping strategies further underscore the urgency of these efforts. As the industry embraces a greener future, marine engineers play a crucial role in shaping a more sustainable and resilient marine transport system that benefits both the environment and society.

GREEN WAREHOUSES – STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN LOGISTICS

Julia Monkiewicz, Julia Peta — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The warehouse logistics industry faces increasing challenges related to the need to reduce its negative impact on the environment, associated with greenhouse gas emissions and the implementation of sustainable development goals. Today, increasing numbers of companies are investing in environmentally friendly solutions that simultaneously reduce their environmental impact and improve operational efficiency.

This article analyses key strategies that can lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions in the logistics and warehousing sector. These include: the use of renewable energy sources, the implementation of intelligent energy management systems, the optimisation of waste management, including the implementation of the ‘zero waste’ concept, and the use of modern insulation materials and energy-saving technologies.

The article also presents examples of the implementation of green solutions in warehouses and analyses their economic and environmental benefits. Investing in ‘green technologies’ allows for environmental protection, financial savings and opportunities for meeting the growing demands of consumers. This article is based on an analysis of available sources, including scientific developments and industry reports.

COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS USED IN THE 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Three-dimensional printing techniques enable three-dimensional objects to be formed by successive layers of material, according to a previously developed numerical model. The primary aim of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of selected materials used in the spatial printing of machine components and marine equipment. Experimental testing of samples made using the additive method was carried out using an orthogonal plan, in which the experimental factors were selected in such a way that the influence of each factor on the measurement results could be independently assessed.
This approach allowed for the elimination of mutual interference between variables and the obtaining of reliable and comparable results. As part of the research, a set of samples with five different filling levels was prepared: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. They were then subjected to a static tensile test to determine such strength parameters as yield strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus and relative strain. The results obtained were summarised in the form of graphs and tables, which enabled a detailed analysis of the influence ofthe internal structure and filling level on the mechanical properties of the tested materials.

COMPUTATION OF THE HYDROPHOBICITY PARAMETER (EACN) OF OIL PHASE INGREDIENTS ESSENTIAL FOR PREDICTING PROPERTIES OF MICROEMULSIONS USING THE HLD-NAC THEORY

Ryszard Zieliński, Sebastian Grzyb — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In this work we describe in detail our novel computation method for predicting the EACN hydrophobicity parameter of hydrophobic compounds, which is used in the HLD equation developed by Salager. The values of EACN obtained in such a way can be applied to predict the phase equilibria in emulsions or microemulsions as well as various physicochemical properties describing these systems by means of the HLD-NAC theory. Application of the HLD-NAC theory as a predictive tool for excipients used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical products may enable the rational design of new products based on emulsions or microemulsions, eliminating in practice the need for many problem-solving efforts and long-term product development. The computed values of the EACN were compared with the experimental data published in the literature for 141 hydrophobic compounds. We have found that the computation method described in this work applied to various hydrophobic compounds leads to the numerical values of the EACN being in a very good agreement with the corresponding experimental values published in the literature. It should be noted, however, that the proposed method is not suitable for predicting EACN values of triglycerides and edible oils.

CONSUMER AWARENESS AND PREFERENCES IN THE POLISH PRO-HEALTH PRODUCTS MARKET – BASED ON A SURVEY STUDY

Katarzyna Mikołajczyk-Bator — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article addresses very important social issues related to the dynamic growth of consumption of pro-health products based on surveys. The main objective of the article was to discover the respondents' knowledge of pro-health products, the frequency of their consumption and the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of these products in the Polish market. The survey found that respondents consume pro-health products several times a week (31%), once a day (21%), or several times a day (16%). Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, age, education and place of residence were an important criterion (p<0.05) determining the frequency of consumption of pro-health products by consumers. In purchasing decisions on health-promoting products, consumers value most the composition and health-promoting properties of these products.